According to Norse sagas, the native Beothuk (called skraelings or skraelingars by the Norse) responded so ferociously that the newcomers eventually withdrew and gave up their original intentions to settle. The first conflicts between Europeans and Native peoples may have occurred around 1006, when parties of Norsemen attempted to establish permanent settlements along the coast of Newfoundland. As of 2006, Canada had the second-highest peacekeeping fatality in the world, behind India. Canada has also played an important role in UN peacekeeping operations worldwide and has cumulatively committed more troops than any other country. Since the Second World War, however, Canada has been committed to multilateralism and has gone to war only within large multinational coalitions such as in the Korean War, the Gulf War, the Kosovo War, and the 2001 invasion of Afghanistan. While independence followed the Statute of Westminster, Canada's links to Britain remained strong, and the British once again enjoyed Canadian support in the Second World War.
Canada, however, remained a British colony, and Canadian forces joined their British counterparts in the Second Boer War, and the First World War. On both occasions, the Americans were rebuffed by British and local forces however, this threat would remain well into the 19th century and partially facilitated Canadian Confederation in 1867.Īfter Confederation, and amid much controversy, a full-fledged Canadian military was created. The victorious Americans looked to extend their republic and launched invasions in 1775 and in 1812. New challenges soon arose when the northern colonies chose not to join the American Revolution and remained loyal to the British crown. In 1763, the British emerged victorious and the French civilians, whom the British hoped to assimilate, were declared "British Subjects".
Starting in the 17th century, the region was the site of conflicts between the French and the British for more than a century, as each allied with various First Nation groups. Beginning in the 16th century, the arrival of Europeans led to conflicts with Aboriginal peoples and among the invading Europeans in the New World. For thousands of years, the area that would become Canada was the site of sporadic intertribal wars among First Nations peoples. The military history of Canada comprises millennia of armed actions in the territory encompassing modern Canada, and the role of the Canadian military in conflicts and peacekeeping worldwide. A Canadian recruiting poster from the First World War.
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